What is a Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)?

A Tyre Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is a critical safety feature found in many modern vehicles, designed to continuously monitor the air pressure in each tyre. Maintaining the correct tyre pressure is essential for safe driving, fuel efficiency, and tyre longevity, making TPMS an invaluable tool for drivers.

The TPMS operates through two primary types:

1. Direct TPMS: This type utilises sensors that are either embedded in the tyre or mounted on the valve stems. These sensors directly measure the air pressure within each tyre. If the tire pressure falls below a set threshold—typically around 25% below the manufacturer's recommended level—the system will activate a warning light on the dashboard, notifying the driver of the issue. Direct TPMS offers real-time data and can provide precise readings, allowing drivers to address any problems before they escalate.
2. Indirect TPMS: Unlike its direct counterpart, this system does not use pressure sensors. Instead, it relies on the vehicle's wheel speed sensors, which are part of the anti-lock braking system (ABS). The indirect system monitors the rotational speed of each tyre to detect discrepancies that indicate a tyre may be under-inflated. When a tyre loses pressure, it will roll at a different speed compared to the properly inflated tyres. Although it does not provide exact pressure readings, it serves as an effective method for alerting drivers to potential issues.

The functionality of a TPMS goes beyond merely alerting drivers to low tyre pressure. Properly inflated tyres are crucial for several reasons:

• Safety: Under-inflated tyres can lead to increased tyre wear and a higher likelihood of blowouts, which pose significant safety risks on the road.
• Fuel Efficiency: Tyres that are inflated to the correct pressure can improve a vehicle's fuel efficiency. Under-inflated tyres can increase rolling resistance, which means the engine has to work harder, consuming more fuel.
• Tyre Longevity: Maintaining optimal tyre pressure helps extend the life of the tyres by promoting even wear and reducing the risk of irregularities.

Despite the technological advancements represented by TPMS, it is still essential for drivers to regularly check their tyre pressure manually. Factors such as temperature changes and road conditions can affect tyre pressure, and regular maintenance ensures that any discrepancies are identified and addressed promptly.

In summary, a Tyre Pressure Monitoring System plays a vital role in modern vehicle safety, offering real-time monitoring and alerts for tyre pressure issues. By understanding and maintaining proper tyre pressure, drivers can enhance safety, improve fuel efficiency, and prolong the life of their tyres.